Ethics of “third person” and moral values

Čovjek je biće koje se usmjerava na druge i živi u zajednici. On tako stvara moral i moralne odnose. Kad se ti odnosi normiraju, kad se u njih unose pravila ponašanja, onda je riječ o etici. Stoga je etika i shvaćena kao normativna znanost o ljudskim činima, tj. znanost koja ljudima omogućuje spoznaju prijelaza od onoga što jesu na ono što mogu biti. Etika se od svojih početaka (Aristotel) zasnivala na telosu (usmjerenost) i poštovanju nepisanih te urođenih zakona. Kršćanstvo je rado prihvatilo takvo utemeljenje etike, ali je temelj stavilo na Boga koji je tvorac i prirode i čovjeka. Od vremena moderne moral se laicizirao i započeo temeljiti na samom čovjeku i razumu. To je početak naravne moralke i sekularizacije. Krajem pedesetih godina prošloga stoljeća započela je i faza postmorala i početak krize naše kulture. Pojavile su se i tzv. “etike trećeg lica” (Nagel) koje su unijele nove vrednote u život i svijet, ali su izazvale i rasulo moralnih vred nota. To su etika utilitarizma, etika kontraktualizma i etika go vora. Te su etike pogodovale “lagodnijem” životu i umanjile su osobnu odgovornost za svijet i djelovanje. Tako je nastala naša etika “tržišnog” društva čija je glavna oznaka moralni permisivizam što se odrazilo općenito na čitavo ljudsko djelovanje.Man is being who is orientated to the other and lives in the community. He also creates morality and moral relations. When these relations are set in norms, when they are entered into the code of conduct, then it comes to ethics. Therefore, ethics is understood as a normative science of human acts, a science that allows people to find the difference between what they are and what they could be. Ethics from its beginnings (Aristotle) is based on thelos (orientation) and the innate respect for the unwritten law. Christianity has nicely accepted that foundation of ethics, with the difference that Christianity recognizes God as a creator of nature and man. From the time of modernism onwards, morality started to base itself on man and reason. That was the beginning of natural morality and secularism. In the late fifties post-morality phase began and that was also the beginning of the crisis of our culture. There were so called “ethics of third person” (Nagel), which brought new values to life and the world, but have caused the disintegration of moral values.These are the ethics of utilitarianism, ethics of speech, and ethics of contractualism. These ethics favour an “easy” life and diminish the personal responsibility for the world and our own actions. This resulted in our ethics of the “market” society that is characterized by moral permissiveness both in medicine and healthcare